Born to a farmer and a shoemaker in 1896, at the age of 19, he was conscripted into the military, serving in World War I and fighting for the Bolsheviks during the Russian Civil War. During the invasion of southern France, the 6 AG was under the command of the Allied Forces Headquarters (AFHQ) of the Mediterranean Theatre of Operations, but after one month command passed to SHAEF. An aggressive general whose ferocious military thrusts earned him admiration and respect from many participants in the war (and at times endangered his military career). Mussolini 6. Committed suicide after being sentenced to death for war crimes. Born in Denison, Texas, on October 14, 1890, Dwight David Eisenhower grew up in Abilene, Kansas, as the third of seven sons in a poor family. In the White House from 1945 to 1953, Truman made the decision to use the atomic bomb against Japan, helped rebuild postwar Europe, worked to read more, Franklin D. Roosevelt was in his second term as governor of New York when he was elected as the nations 32nd president in 1932. According to Averill, "We had the opportunity to get to know students from all over the world, to share ideas and opinions, and to assess our educational system by comparison." 5th Corps (Omaha Beach) and 7th Corps (Utah Beach) reported to the U.S. 1st Army. Commanded the successful airborne operations in the. Organised the Mannerheim Line in the Karelian Peninsula. However, the future presidents mother, Ida, soon had second thoughts. Commander-in-Chief of Soviet Forces in the Far East during Manchurian Strategic Offensive Operation. Sixth United States Army. General of the United States' Army Dwight D. Eisenhower served in successive Supreme Allied Commander roles. Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe, United States Army Center of Military History, "U.S. Army Europe and Africa Mission & History", Records of Supreme Headquarters, Allied Expeditionary Force, Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library, Papers of Ernest R. "Tex" Lee, military aide to General Eisenhower, 19421945, Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library, Papers of Thor Smith, Public Relations Division, SHAEF, Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library, Daily Battle Communiques, SHAEF, June 6, 1944 May 7, 1945, BBC WW2 People's War article on Uxbridge SHAEF and London Bushey, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Supreme_Headquarters_Allied_Expeditionary_Force&oldid=1142351710, Deputy Chief of Staff (Chief Administrative Officer), Secretary, General Staff: Colonel Ford Trimble. From 1951 to 1953, Klopper served as Army Chief of Staff, as Inspector-General from 1953 to 1956, and as Commandant General of the Union Defence Force from 1956 to 1958. The last British soldier to evacuate Dunkirk, replaced Auchinleck from command at North Africa, and turned the tide in the Allies' favour. General Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower played a significant role in the theatre of World War II. Led the triumphal entry into Rome. On June 25, 1942, General Dwight D. Eisenhower becomes commander of all U.S. troops in the European theater of World War II, continuing the steady ascent in military rank that would culminate in his appointment as supreme Allied commander of all forces in Europe in 1943. Soviet captivity until 1953. Learn about the major events and battles of World War II. Soon after taking office, Eisenhower signed an armistice ending the Korean War. Deputy of the Chief of the General Staff of the Red Army. This House would abolish all monarchies. He argued that Japan was on the verge of surrender already and that being the first to use such a fearsome new weapon would damage U.S. prestige in the international community just as it had reached its highest point. An Eagle Scout from Tennessee assigned to pilot one of the greatest leaders of the Allied Forces. Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF; / e f / SHAYF) was the headquarters of the Commander of Allied forces in northwest Europe, from late 1943 until the end of World War II.US General Dwight D. Eisenhower was the commander in SHAEF throughout its existence. Bill of Rights and Amendments to the Constitution, Facts and Stats about the Normandy Invasion, Timeline, Facts and Stats of the Attack on Pearl Harbor, Assault Plans, Facts and Figures At Gold, Juno, Sword Beaches During The Normandy Invasion, Executive Branch: President, Vice President, and The Cabinet, Gender Pay Gap lifetime losses due to wage gap, Assault Plan, Facts and Figures At Omaha Beach During The Normandy Invasion, Assault Plan, Facts and Figures At Utah Beach During The Normandy Invasion, Maps of Allies Invasion Routes and German Defenses on D-Day, Timeline The Sinking of the USS Indianapolis, Facts and Statistics About Water Scarcity. Briefly commanded the 2nd South African Infantry Division from May to June 1942, and was tasked as Fortress Commander of Tobruk. World War I ended just before Eisenhower was scheduled to go to Europe, frustrating the young officer, but he soon managed to gain an appointment to the Command and General Staff College at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. Gold Cross of Combat Merit First Class, the Cross of Merit in gold. . Dwight D. Eisenhower was one of the most extraordinary minds in the Allied Forces throughout World War II. He was. Was commander-in-chief of the Polish Army fighting alongside the Soviet Union. Lt Gen. Daniel Sultan was promoted, from deputy commander of CBI to commander of US Forces, India-Burma Theater (USFIBT) and commander of the NCAC. Helped in the capture of Berlin, the capital of Nazi Germany. Successfully used the German tactic of armored. He then directed the amphibious invasion of Sicily and the Italian mainland in 1943 that led to the fall of Rome in June 1944. Despite tough odds and high casualties, Allied forces ultimately won the battle and read more. Replaced Toyoda in 1945 to become commander-in-chief of the. He was the Commanding General of the U.S. Army Air Forces during World War II. AEAF (Allied Expeditionary Air Force) reported to SHAEF and was led by Trafford Leigh-Mallory. Graduating first in his class of 245, he served as a military aide to General John J. Pershing, commander of U.S. forces during World War I, and later to General Douglas MacArthur, U.S. Army chief of staff. His brief return to civilian life ended in 1950, however, when President Harry S. Truman asked him to take command of the new North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) forces in Europe. Became the Minister of National Defence of the Republic of China. In other cases, senior commanders were given the title Commander-in-Chief. Chief of the Army General Staff 19401944. While weathering criticism from both left and right, Eisenhower enjoyed high approval ratings throughout his administration. Admiral of the Fleet Lord Louis Mountbatten was Supreme Allied Commander South East Asia (SACSEA) throughout most of its existence. The Japanese commander on the island drew parallels with the Boer War, and decided that it would require a 10:1 numerical advantage to . Officer Commanding the South African Army College from 1944 to 1945, before being appointed in command of Northern Command in 1945. This book was released on 2012-05-20 with total page 66 pages. The Pacific Ocean Areas (POA), divided into the Central Pacific Area, the North Pacific Area and the South Pacific Area,[4]:652653 were commanded by Admiral Chester W. Nimitz, Commander-in-Chief Pacific Ocean Areas. Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF; /ef/ SHAYF) was the headquarters of the Commander of Allied forces in northwest Europe, from late 1943 until the end of World War II. Chairman of the Stavka (Soviet High Command). [3] However, he preferred to use the title Commander-in-Chief. After the defeat Kharkov, Timoshenko was removed by Stalin from front-line command but given overall command in different fronts of the USSR. Some political leaders, particularly those of the principal dictatorships involved in the conflict, Adolf Hitler (Germany), Benito Mussolini (Italy), and Hirohito (Japan), acted as supreme military commanders as well as dictators for their respective countries or empires. led the US bombing attack on Tokyo. SHAEF remained in the United Kingdom until sufficient forces were ashore to justify its transfer to France. Air force Commander working with famous Major General, A veteran of World War I and air ace. After vying with Rokossovsky for overall command, he led all Soviet armies in the closing stages of the war and at the Battle for Berlin. Forced the surrender of the allies in the, Arrested by the American occupation authorities after the surrender of Japan, Matsui was charged with war crimes in connection with the actions of the Japanese army in China also known as The. The plane carrying him was shot down in 1943. Beyond Band of Brothers: The War Memoirs of Major Dick Winters. The commander of Allied forces on the European front during World War II - Eisenhower (served as the 34th President of the United States from 1953 to 1961) 7. Commander-in-Chief of the German Army 19381941. This House believes that today's heroes are hollow. Commander-in-Chief of the Imperial Japanese Navy 19431944. Starting in April 1951 when the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) cannibalised WUDO, it was put under the command of Supreme Allied Commander Europe Dwight D. Eisenhower in Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE; Allied Command Europe [ACE]), comprising many of the same allies that were part of SHAEF. As leader of all Allied troops in Europe, he led "Operation Overlord," the amphibious invasion of Normandy across the English Channel. For the following item, cross out any word that has an error in capitalization and correctly write the word above it. [1], General Officer Commanding-in-Chief South-Eastern Command, General Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Eighth Army, Supreme Commander, Allied Ground Forces (Normandy), General Officer Commanding-in-Chief 21st Army Group, General Officer Commanding-in-Chief, British Army of the Rhine and Military Governor of British Occupation Zone in Germany, General Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Southern Command, General Officer Commanding-in-Chief, South-Eastern Command, General Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Middle East Command, General Officer Commanding-in-Chief, 18th Army Group, General Officer Commanding-in-Chief, 15th Army Group, Supreme Commander Allied Forces Headquarters, General Officer Commanding-in-Chief, India Command, Supreme Commander, American-British-Dutch-Australian Command, High Commissioner for Palestine and Trans-Jordan, Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief, RAF Bomber Command, First Sea Lord and Chief of the Naval Staff, Commander-in-Chief, Combined Operations Headquarters, Supreme Allied Commander, South East Asia Command, Commander-in-Chief, Battlecruiser Squadron, Chairman of the Provisional Government of the French Republic, Commander-in-Chief, Ground Forces in Western Europe, High Commissioner for France in North and West Africa, Supreme Commander Allied Expeditionary Force, Military Governor of the U.S. Berkley Hardcover. Died in 1956 of natural causes (. Died in 1966. After the surrender of Germany, SHAEF was dissolved on 14 July 1945. While stationed as a second lieutenant in San Antonio, Texas, Eisenhower met Mamie Geneva Doud. Spent 10 years in prison. [4] At that point, Montgomery ceased to command all land forces but continued as Commander in Chief of the British 21st Army Group (21 AG) on the eastern wing of the Normandy bridgehead. Later, he was placed in charge of the Northern Pacific area. SHAEF (Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force) reported to the Combined Chiefs of Staff. As a cardinal leader, General Eisenhower coined the historical term . A capable commander in the early stages of World War II. The longest and most severe economic downturn ever experienced by the industrialized Western world, the Great Depression began in 1929 and lasted until about 1939. Commander-in-Chief of French army during the Battle of France from 20 May 1940 until the surrender of France. Italian dictator in World War II 9. Chief of the Operations Staff of the OKW. Chief of the Navy General Staff, 19411944. In July 1955, when Eisenhower met with British, French and Russian leaders in Geneva, Switzerland, he proposed an open skies policy, in which the United States and Soviet Union would conduct air inspections of each others military programs; the U.S.S.R. rejected the proposal, though it won international approval. In the conflict, General Eisenhower served not only as a 5 star general in the the United States Army, but also served as the Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces in Europe. Charles de Gaulle was the President of the French Committee of National Liberation. Briefly became President of Germany. (d)(d)(d) heartily. Since 2003 it has been the headquarters of ACO, controlling all NATO operations worldwide. Commanded the 2nd South African Infantry Division between 1940 and 1942, later overseeing Coastal Area Command in South Africa until 1945. As the breakout from Normandy took place, the Allies launched the invasion of southern France on 15 August 1944 with the US 6th Army Group (6 AG) under the command of Lieutenant General Jacob L. Devers. . British 2nd Tactical Air Force and the U.S. 9th Air Force reported to AEAF. Made a full general in early 1943, Eisenhower was appointed supreme commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force in December of that year and given the responsibility of spearheading the planned Allied invasion of Nazi-occupied Europe. Early career Resolved: that this House would close down Hollywood. This video presents the military Commanders of Allied forces in World War II.Data:http. Harry S. Truman (1884-1972), the 33rd U.S. president, assumed office following the death of President Franklin Roosevelt (1882-1945). Commanded the 6th Army Corps between 1940 and 1943. Rommel 2. Ninth United States Army. The last remaining Polish General holding the Germans off until the battle of Kock, he had never lost a battle until Kock. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Doolittle. Commander of many successful operations including the invasion of Poland, France and the Soviet Union. Died in 1945. After the war, he became President of. For the general concept of a supreme military commander, see, Last edited on 22 February 2023, at 10:56, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Supreme Commander of the Unified Armed Forces of the Warsaw Treaty Organization, Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe, Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force, "75th anniversary of the end of WWII: Ashes to glory in the China-Burma-India Theatre", United States Army Center of Military History, Evolution of NATO's Command Structure 1951-2009, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Supreme_Allied_Commander&oldid=1140908912, This page was last edited on 22 February 2023, at 10:56. His title was Supreme Allied Commander Atlantic (SACLANT), and the entire command was usually known as SACLANT. Historical titles World War I. On 26 March 1918, the French marshal Ferdinand Foch was appointed Supreme Allied Commander, gaining command of all Allied forces everywhere, and coordinated the British, French, American, and Italian armies to stop the German spring offensive, the last large offensive of the German Empire. But while he was organizing the trip, his London contacts kept suggesting that Manchester represent the United States in the World School Debating Championships. This is important because the Doullens Conference of 26 March was kept a secret until 30 March, and still not known to most of the army once it was published. He described is "beyond the American mind to comprehend." Eighth United States Army. Suffered heart attack before he could participate in the Polish resistance. (b)(b)(b) sorrowfully Konev was also a competitor of Marshal Georgy Zhukov. https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/dwight-d-eisenhower. Died in 1982. Fought in, Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire. As spiritual counsel to a dozen presidents, Graham was read more, On January 5, 1957, in response to the increasingly tense situation in the Middle East, President Dwight D. Eisenhower (1890-1969) delivered a proposal to a joint session of the U.S. Congress calling for a new and more proactive American policy in the region. SHAEF commanded the largest number of formations ever committed to one operation on the Western Front, with American, Free French, British and Canadian forces. Match these leaders of World War II with their descriptions. the German attack on Great Britain. On February 15, 1942, the British Empire suffered one of its most humiliating defeats. Most senior German officer to die in a Soviet prison. As the Supreme Commander of Allied Forces in the European theater, Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower is remembered as one of the most masterful military figures in history, the man behind the bold. In 1952, with Trumans popularity sagging during the ongoing war in Korea, leading Republicans approached Eisenhower and persuaded him to make a run for president. Until late 1944 that the land forces chain of command was clarified, after Stilwell was recalled to Washington. Fought in most of the actions involving blitzkrieg techniques. General Officer Commanding, 10th Roiori Cavalry Regiment, Commanded the 10th Cavalry Regiment between 1941 and 1942. until Brooke released Strong; Whitely then became deputy to G3. Chief of Staff of the Soviet Navy, Deputy People's Commissar of the Navy, People's Commissar of the Navy during The Second World War, Chief of Staff of the Soviet Air Force, deputy commander of the Air Force, Commander of the Air Forces of the Soviet Union, Chief of General Staff and then Commander in Chief, Commander-in-chief of Australian Armed Forces and commander-in-chief of Allied Land Forces in the, Later Chief Justice of Australia. After mixed results in primary elections against the Republican front-runner, Senator Robert A. Taft of Ohio, Eisenhower resigned his commission in the Army and returned from his NATO base in Paris in June 1952. Became a, Commander of the Vichy French forces in North Africa until 1942, then commander of the. These Supreme Allied Commanders were given operational control over all air, land, and sea units in that theatre. What caused the Commander of Allied Forces in World War II to make this statement was the liberation of a concentration camp. 2023 A&E Television Networks, LLC. McNaughton, Canadian Corps Commander, second from left, Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Gen. Charles de Gaulle, right, Commander of the Free French Forces, pose at a Canadian Corps Headquarters on Feb. 20, 1941 during World War II. Bagramyan's experience in military planning as a chief of staff allowed him to distinguish himself as a capable commander in the early stages of the Soviet counter-offensives against Nazi Germany. SHAPE is currently the headquarters of NATO's Allied Command Operations (ACO). The dispute over slavery had divided Americans since the founding of the United States. Served an instrumental role in the fall of Benito Mussolini and the breakdown of the alliance between Italy and Germany. Died in 1958. Commander-in-Chief of French army during Battle of France, was replaced on 20 May 1940. In 1954, in the case of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, the U.S. Supreme Court had ruled that school segregation was unconstitutional. 231 Group SAAF, General Officer Commanding, 2nd New Zealand Division, Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Western Desert Air Force, Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Northwest African Tactical Air Force, AirOfficer Commanding, RAF Second Tactical Air Force, Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Air Headquarters Egypt, Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Air Headquarters Malta, Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Middle East Command, Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Air Command South East Asia, Prime Minister of the Polish government-in-exile, Commander-in-Chief, Polish Armed Forces in the West, Minister of National Defense of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Poland, Commander, American-British-Dutch-Australian Land Command, Commander, American-British-Dutch-Australian Sea Command, Commander-in-Chief of the Yugoslav Partisans, Founder of Democratic Federal Yugoslavia and the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Commander-in-Chief of the National Revolutionary Army, Chairman of the Military Affairs Commission, Director of the Reich Security Main Office, Commander-in-Chief, Army Group North Ukraine, Acting Chief of the Oberkommando des Heeres, Minister of National Defense of the Italian Social Republic, Commander-in-Chief of Italian forces in North Africa, Chief of Imperial Japanese Army General Staff, Commander-in-Chief, Southern Expeditionary Army Group, Commander, Central China Expeditionary Army, Commander-in-Chief, China Expeditionary Army, Chief of Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff, Commander-in-Chief, Yokosuka Naval District, Commander-in-Chief, Sasebo Naval District, Commander-in-Chief of Central Pacific Area Fleet and 14th Air Fleet, Commander-in-Chief of Romanian Armed Forces, General Officer Commanding, Mountain Corps, General Officer Commanding, Romanian Fourth Army, General Officer Commanding, Capital Military Command, Learn how and when to remove these template messages, Learn how and when to remove this template message, General Officer Commanding, 3rd Infantry Division, General Officer Commanding-in-Chief, British Army of the Rhine, Military Governor of British Occupation Zone in Germany, Knight Grand Cross of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath, Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath, General Officer Commanding-in-Chief, British Expeditionary Force, Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II, Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief, RAF Fighter Command, Lord High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, Provisional Government of the French Republic, Commander, 15th Motorized Infantry Division, Commanding General, European Theater of Operations, European Theater of Operations United States Army, Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe, United States Military Advisor to the Philippines, South West Pacific theatre of World War II, Commanding General, 82nd Airborne Division, Commanding General, Desert Training Center, Commander-in-Chief, United States Atlantic Fleet, Commander-in-Chief, United States Pacific Fleet, Chief of the United States Army Air Forces, Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force, Chief of the General Staff of the Red Army, 20th Presidium of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Supreme Commander of the Unified Armed Forces of the Warsaw Treaty Organization, Chief Marshal of Aviation of the Soviet Union, Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire, Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath, Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire, General Officer Commanding, Second Australian Imperial Force, General Officer Commanding, 18th Infantry Brigade, Deputy Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief RAF Middle East, Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief Middle East, General Officer Commanding, 1st Canadian Infantry Division, President of the United Nations Security Council, Chief of the Air Staff of the Royal Canadian Air Force, Companion of the Order of the British Empire, General Service Officer Grade 1, 1st Infantry Division, General Officer Commanding, 1st Infantry Brigade, South African National Museum of Military History, General Officer Commanding, 3rd Infantry Brigade, Commandant General of the Union Defence Force, Chief of the General Staff of the Union Defence Force, Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George, General Officer Commanding, New Zealand Expeditionary Force, General Inspector of the Polish Armed Forces, Commander-in-Chief, Polish Armed Forces in the East, Provisional Government of the Republic of Poland, Commander, Independent Operational Group Polesie, Commander-in-Chief, 1st Czechoslovak Army Corps in the Soviet Union, Czechoslovak military units on the Eastern front, the Commander's Cross of the Cross of Valour, Commander, National Republican Greek League, Commander, Greek People's Liberation Army, Chief of Defence of the Netherlands Armed Forces, Commander-in-Chief, Royal Netherlands East Indies Army, Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Netherlands Lion, Commander, American-British-Dutch-Australian Combined Striking Force, Commander of the Chetnik Detachments of Yugoslav Army, President of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia, Commander-in-Chief, Chinese Expeditionary Force, Marshal of the People's Republic of China, Chief of Navy of the Republic of China Navy, Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords, Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oakleaves and Swords, Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oakleaves, Swords and Diamonds, Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, SS-Oberst-Gruppenfhrer und Generaloberst der Waffen-SS, 1st SS Panzer Division Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler, Reichsmarschall of the Greater German Reich, Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oakleaves, Knight of the Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation, Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus, Grand Officer of the Military Order of Savoy, Commander, Italian Expeditionary Corps in Russia, Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic, Governor of the Italian Islands of the Aegean, Commander of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus, Commander-in-Chief, Higher Forces Command Albania, the armistice between Italy and the Allied armed forces, Grand Officer of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus, Grand Officer of the Order of the Crown of Italy, Quadrumvir of the Grand Council of Fascism, Chief of Staff of the Royal Italian Air Force, Allied invasion of the Japanese home islands, Commander, 3rd Imperial Infantry Regiment, Director of the Imperial Japanese Navy Aviation Bureau, Chief of General Staff of the Royal Hungarian Army, Hungarian occupation of Yugoslav territories, the invasion and occupation of the Shan States in Burma, General Officer Commanding, Romanian Third Army, General Officer Commanding, 1st Romanian Army, General Officer Commanding, Field Army Bernolk, Grand Cross of the Order of the Cross of Liberty, Commander-in-Chief of the Finnish Defence Forces, Finnish reconquest of the Karelian Isthmus (1941), Finnish reconquest of Ladoga Karelia (1941), "Fleet Admiral Halsey Jr Profile at Naval Historical center", "Dcs du Colonel E. Speller, Aide de Camp de S. A. R. Madame la Grande-Duchesse de Luxembourg:", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commanders_of_World_War_II&oldid=1142837599. He remedied this by making up his own title and by writing to Prime Minister Clemenceau to request it, which was immediately granted. 30th Corps (Gold Beach) and 1st Corps (Juno and Sword Beaches) reported to the British 2nd Army. On June 25, 1942, General Dwight D. Eisenhower becomes commander of all U.S. troops in the European theater of World War II, continuing the steady ascent in military rank that would culminate in his appointment as supreme Allied commander of all forces in Europe in 1943. Who was allied forces commander in 1942? Commander of the combined American, British, Dutch and Australian (, Arrested by Germany in 1940 following the invasion of Luxembourg but later released, died 17 January 1952.
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