HMPPS (excluding NPS) have seen the largest increase in female representation of senior staff, increasing by 10 percentage points, to 45% in 2020. Figure 5.02: Individuals dealt with formally by the CJS, by sex, 2015 to 2019. Truancy females made up 71% of the 19,600 convictions in 2019, down 2 pp from 2015. The custody rate for this offence was 14% for females and 34% for males in 2019. The relative proportion of male and female victims has remained consistent over the last five years[footnote 20]. Fines accounted for 99% of those sentenced for TV licence evasion in 2019 across both sexes. Cautions issued[footnote 33][footnote 34] Females also consistently had a higher guilty plea rate for indictable offences. The biggest difference between males and females in median days from offence to completion is the 102 days more (25%) for females in fraud offence cases, which can be explained by the 108 days higher offence to charge for females in comparison to males. Having a SEN statement may indicate a higher level of need. The custody rate for this offence was lower for female offenders (19%) than for males (26%). The strategy sets out the Government's commitment to a new programme of work for female offenders, which will take some years to deliver, driven by our vision to see: fewer women coming into the criminal justice system and reoffending fewer women in custody, especially on short-term sentences, and a greater , See the Families and Households 2019 dataset for further information on household types. Figure 5.11: Proportion of offenders sentenced for indictable offences, by sentencing outcome and sex, 2019, Sentence lengths and average custodial sentence length (ACSL). CJS_Statistics@justice.gov.uk. In 2019/20, 3.9% of males were victim to personal. Report and data for March 2018 published. , These are sourced from linked magistrates courts and Crown Court administrative data systems with a match rate of around 90%. The statistics reported in this bulletin are primarily National Statistics[footnote 1], as drawn from either other published National Statistics bulletins or the data underpinning them. (US Census Bureau, Statista) Figure 4.04: Percentage of Penalty Notices for Disorder issued, by offence and sex, 2019. For more detailed analysis on out of court disposals, see Chapter 4: Police Activity. Females of all age groups were more likely to experience domestic abuse than males. Youth custody data for January 2016 published. Prosecutions for indictable offences for females have decreased by 29% since 2015, from 48,000 to 33,800. Sex can be considered to refer to whether someone is male or female based on their physiology, with gender representing a social construct or sense of self that takes a wider range of forms. The proportion of female legal aid recipients in the Crown Court was lower with 10% of the crime higher legal aid workload in 2019[footnote 42]. Females represented 5% of the prison population and this proportion has remained stable over the last five years. , In some cases, such as in the prison population, the age band for children is defined differently. Key Child Custody Statistics 2023 Approximately 29% of child custody decisions are made without mediators or court hearings. The highest frequency rate was observed amongst female offenders aged 30 to 34, at 4.83, whilst for male offenders, it was highest in both the 30-34 and 35-39 age groups, at 4.44 reoffences per reoffender. Youth custody data for March 2017 published. The main source of referral was the police, accounting for 60% of male and 68% of female young people. , From April 2017, the upper age limit for the self-completion module was increased to ask all respondents aged 16 to 74. This was considerably lower than the proportion of pupils achieving this attainment level for the overall pupil population (including both offenders and non-offenders) in 2013/14[footnote 94] (62% for young females and 52% for young males) and 2014/15[footnote 95] (62% for young females and 53% for young males). This report is a compendium of information from a range of data sources from across the CJS on the representation of females (and males) among victims, suspects, defendants and offenders. Youth custody data for January 2017 published. No causative links can be drawn from these summary statistics, differences observed may indicate areas worth further investigation, but should not be taken as evidence of unequal treatments or as direct effects of sex. , The detailed results of the survey can be found in the offenders under supervision or in custody tables. Additionally, men are awarded less support on average than mothers who are awarded support. The Ministry of Justice aims to avoid the need for revisions to publications unless they are absolutely necessary and put systems and processes in place to minimise the number of revisions. Email: CJS_Statistics@justice.gov.uk, Alternative formats are available on request from ESD@justice.gov.uk, Available at https://www.statisticsauthority.gov.uk/code-of-practice/, Fieldwork for the year to March 2020 was suspended two weeks early on Wednesday the 18th March 2020, just prior to the lockdown restrictions being announced by the Government on the 23rd March 2020. Defendants with unknown or not stated sex accounted for 10% of all prosecutions in 2019. , Pupils at the end of Key Stage 4 are typically aged 15 and 16. , Other demographic data, such as age and ethnicity, are available in the Crime in England and Wales Annual Trend and Demographic Tables. According to the Pew Research study, when fathers and children live separately 22% of fathers see their children more than once a week. Figure 4.01: Number of arrests, by age group and sex, 2015/16 to 2019/20. We invited our Salt Lake City child custody attorney from the Emy A Cordano, Attorney At Law to . Twenty-nine percent of fathers see their children, 1-4 times a month. Figure 9.01: Proportion of practitioners in organisations involved in the CJS of each sex, by organisation, most recent year available vs. five years prior. Similar proportions are seen in convictions. Violent crime was most prevalent in the 16-24 age group (Figure 3.02). Lone parents with dependent children represented 17% of all families with dependent children in 2019, and females accounted for 91% of these lone parents[footnote 117]. We use some essential cookies to make this website work. Youth custody report for November 2015 published. The most disturbing though, 27% of fathers have no contact with their children. This difference is driven by female offenders receiving shorter average custodial lengths than males. Figure 1.01: Proportions of males and females throughout the CJS, 2019 Victimisation Males maintain higher risk of personal crime than females. , Where ethnicity was known. In 2019/20, 3.9% of males were victim to personal crime, compared to 3.4% of females. The representation of females among HMPPS staff (excluding NPS)[footnote 122] has increased over the last five years, from 39% to 42%. The report includes demographic and income data about custodial parents, and details child support income for custodial parents living below the poverty level. , Data on Prison Population uses the 30 June 2019 snapshot from the Offender management statistics quarterly: January to March 2019. , Where there are multiple suspects in a homicide case, they are categorised in the Homicide Index as either the principal or a secondary suspect. A higher proportion of female prisoners self-harmed in 2019. In general, the higher the proportion of students who received FSM, the higher the severity of the disposal category. Of those sentenced, a consistently higher proportion of female offenders were fined and had a lower average fine than male offenders over the last 5 years. Dont worry we wont send you spam or share your email address with anyone. Figure 7.07: Proportion of males and female offenders by offending history, England and Wales, 2015 and 2019. , Children can be sentenced to custody in three different establishment types: Young Offender Institutions are for males aged 15-17 only, no females. Prison law comprised less than 1% of the female and 3% of the male workload; both proportions have remained steady in the last 5 years but reflect falling prison population figures. This was considerably lower than the proportion of pupils achieving this attainment level for the overall pupil population (including both offenders and non-offenders) in 2013/14[footnote 96] and 2014/15[footnote 97] (93% for young females and 90% for young males). Data is not available for Community Rehabilitation Companies. Within the Ministry of Justices statistical publications there can be three main reasons for statistics to be revised: Changes in how either source administrative systems collect information or a change in statistical methodology to improve accuracy and measurement. , Questions on the offence category Causing sexual activity without consent were removed from the CSEW 2019/20, therefore the total category of any sexual assault (including attempts) no longer includes this category. Figure 7.11: Proportion of young offenders who finished Key Stage 4 in either 2013/14 or 2014/15 with a record of persistent absence, by gender and disposal category (Source: Table 7.4). In contrast, a higher proportion of male than female first time offenders were cautioned or convicted for drug offences over the last 5 years (13% and 5% respectively in 2019). This was considerably lower than the proportion of pupils achieving this attainment level for the overall pupil population (including both offenders and non-offenders) in 2013/14 (62% for young females and 52% for young males) and 2014/15 (62% for young females and 53% for young males). In 2019, 1.07 million offenders were sentenced, of which 27% were female, a proportion which has remained stable over the last 5 years. This chapter explores outcomes for defendants in the Criminal Justice System (CJS) predominantly drawing on data from the Criminal Justice Statistics quarterly: December 2019 publication. Youth custody report for November 2014 published. , Information about sex was provided for all individuals in this chapter; there are no unknown or not stated cases for any of the CJS organisations discussed. The majority (95%) of the prison population were male. In the Crown Court, 90% of crime higher legal aid work related to male clients. They have been excluded from all analyses in this chapter. , The data in this section relates to persons remanded in each completed court case rather than to the number of remand decisions (a person may be remanded several times during a case). This chapter reports on the trends in the composition of staff and practitioners throughout the criminal justice system (CJS) by sex. Following past trends, females were disproportionately affected by all forms of intimate violence, according to CSEW data[footnote 13]. , This section looks at persons only and excludes those where sex is not stated. The majority of female homicides took place in or around a house/dwelling (71%), whereas only 39% of male homicides took place here. , Bespoke analysis can be found in the Chapter 3: Victims Tables published alongside this report. This chapter also includes analysis on the educational attainment and overall educational background of offenders through a data sharing exercise between MoJ and DfE. This can be explained by a 7% rise for females and a 4% fall for males between 2018 and 2019. In this section any analysis is conducted where the gender of the offender is known. A gender bias argument should not be used by a divorced father unless he has personal experience and can back up that experience with proof. However, as in previous reports, in order to present as full a picture as possible we have also included some statistics that do not have this badging where National Statistics are not held on important or new topics. Compared to male offenders, a larger proportion of female offenders were prosecuted for summary offences, which may account for this difference. 2019/20 saw a fall in the prevalence of sexual assault in the last year for women aged 16 to 74 (3.7% in 2018/19 to 2.9% in 2019/20). These statistics concentrate on the flow of children (aged 10-17) through the youth justice system in England and Wales. , Data are from the most recently published Homicide in England and Wales, 2018/19. An oral report is usually completed within 24 hours of conviction where a limited amount of information is required by the sentencing court. The number of arrests has remained stable over the last 3 years following a previously downward trend. However, the proportion of senior staff who were female was lower than the proportion of staff at all grades across the CJS organisations considered in this section. Figure 6.02: Proportion of prisoners serving immediate custodial sentences by sentence length, sex, June 2019. In 2019, the same proportion (98%) of PNDs issued were for higher tier offences for both males and females. The custody rate for this offence was 19% for females in 2019, compared with 26% for males. Where a source is not National Statistics, users should consider this when making judgements about the weight that can be put on related findings. Reported in the Judicial Diversity Statistics 2019 publication. Figure 8.05: Custody rate by sex for indictable offences with the highest number of female offenders sentenced, England and Wales, 2019. , Indictable offences are more serious offences that may (if triable-either-way) or must (if indictable only) be passed on to the Crown Court; while summary offences are typically less serious and almost always dealt with entirely in magistrates courts. For example, prisons are either male or female institutions, with prisoners normally placed based on their legally recognised gender. Figure 3.02: Percentage of adults who were victims of violent crime, by age group, year ending March 2019. The largest difference in proportions between genders for fixed period exclusion was seen for those who were dealt with by a suspended sentence. The other ethnic groups all had the same custody rate of 35%. In 2019, male children had an ACSL of 19.1 months and female children had an ACSL of 19.0 months. The female majority in Magistrates Court staff has continued to increase, also, recorded at 56% in 2020. The overall levels of FSM eligibility for the cohort was slightly higher for the young female group (61%) compared to the young male group (57%). This chapter explores the nature, extent and risks of victimisation, as reported in the Crime Survey for England and Wales (CSEW): year ending March 2020[footnote 2][footnote 3][footnote 4][footnote 5], Homicide in England and Wales: year ending March 2019, and associated publications including Domestic abuse in England and Wales: year ending March 2019, and the Nature of Violent Crime in England and Wales: year ending March 2019. In 2019, 86% of female offenders were sentenced to a fine with an average fine of 230, compared to 72% of male offenders with an average fine of 302. In 2018/19, 21% of the 85,900 adults who engaged with liaison and diversion services were female. , Department of Work and Pensions benefits statistics. Custodial Mothers and Fathers and Their Child Support: 1999 October 2002 In the spring of 2000, an estimated 13.5 million parents had custody of 21.7 million children under 21 years of age whose other parent lived somewhere else. , See the Criminal justice statistics outcomes by offence data tool in Criminal Justice Statistics Quarterly: December 2019 to obtain all statistics on prosecutions, convictions and sentencing quoted in this chapter. In 2019, 1.29 million defendants[footnote 48] were directed to appear at magistrates courts (including those who failed to appear). The disposal where there was the greatest difference between genders was for fines. This is driven in part by a higher proportion of female offenders getting sentenced for offences that tend to receive shorter sentences. The disparity in convictions for these offences may reflect the fact that females make up a slightly larger proportion of benefit claimants[footnote 118]. Self-harm per individual was over twice as high for females at 9.3 instances, compared to 4.4 for males. , Data is from Domestic abuse in England and Wales: year ending March 2019. Other increases included a 3 percentage point increase in both magistrates and HMPPS (excluding probation) to 56% and 40%, respectively. Similarly, we refer to females / males and women / men in this report, as a reflection of the binary classification in use. those who deal with civil, family law and criminal cases. It is important to note in the following analysis that there are many young people in the overall pupil population that have the characteristics described and do not go on to offend[footnote 93]. In 2019/20, 7,002 prisoners completed the survey of which 694 were female. Violent crime was reported by a higher proportion of males (2.1%) than females (1.4%) in 2018/19. Young females who were sentenced to custody for more than 12 months had a 73% proportion with SEN without a statement compared to 65% for young males. This reflects the difference in relationship to suspect in cases for men and women with women much more likely to be killed by an acquaintance. When split by sex, larger percentage decreases were seen over the last 5 years for female adults (25%) and children (31%) compared to males (21% and 26% respectively). Female representation among court judges continued to steadily increase, similarly to the last five years (28% in 2016; 32% in 2020). Police have found a body in the search for the missing baby of aristocrat Constance Marten and her lover Mark Gordon - as officers 'extend heartfelt condolences to the wider family'.. Conviction ratios were higher for summary offences and as a higher proportion of female offences were summary, this in part explains the higher conviction ratio for female offenders. The median time from charge for first listing decreased for females (down 12%) but increased for males (up 15%). Youth custody report for April 2016 published. , In 2019/20, the CPS moved from annual reporting, in the Violence Against Women and Girls annual report, to quarterly data. In 2018/19, 671 homicides took place; 64% of victims were male and 36% were female. Wed like to set additional cookies to understand how you use GOV.UK, remember your settings and improve government services. Figure 8.01: The proportion of male and female offenders prosecuted for each offence group, England and Wales, 2019. The most common offence group[footnote 29] for those engaged with liaison and diversion services was violence against the person, for which a larger proportion of females were being dealt with compared to males (29% compared to 22%). These figures are calculated differently from those used for the Criminal Justice Statistics Quarterly: December 2019 bulletin, which is used as the basis for the section on plea at the Crown Court and the remainder of the Crown Court committal section they are not directly comparable to these sections. Females in contact with the services more often had suspected alcohol misuse, financial needs, were abuse victims and had mental health needs compared to males. Compared to male offenders, a larger proportion of females were given suspended sentences. In 2019, Black males were particularly over represented, accounting for 12% of all male prosecutions. Tests for statistical significance are published in the Victims tables alongside this report. Theft from shops was the most common indictable offence for which 34% of females and 14% of males were convicted in 2019. In June 2019, the number of children and young people up to 18 years old in secure estates[footnote 61] was 885, of which 3% were female. Youth custody data for June 2016 published. Contrastingly, the HMPPS HQ (and Area Services) has a majority female staff, increasing to 59% in 2020. As per the reports presented by the Custodial Mothers & Fathers and the Child Support (2015), the statistics presented by the United States Census Bureau indicated that there are around 13.7 million single parents in the United States. , See technical guide for more information on what this service covers. Male homicide victims had higher prevalence in all age groups, except those over 65, and 5-15, where females were more often the victim. Fines accounted for 34% of females sentenced in 2019 and 33% received a community sentence, compared with 44% and 30% for males. A technical document titled A Guide to Statistics on Women and the Criminal Justice System is available alongside this report, which provides users with information on the concepts and terminology used within the report, as well as information about data sources, data quality and references. Figure 3.01: Percentage of adults who were victims of personal crime, by type, year ending March 2019. Senior police officers increased their female representation to 27% in 2020, from 23% five years ago. Young male offenders had a higher proportion with SEN with a statement[footnote 105] overall (17%), compared to young female offenders (7%). The age distribution of female and male defendants is broadly similar. In 2019, 74% of individuals dealt with by the Criminal Justice System were male, and 26% were female. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: psi@nationalarchives.gov.uk. In 2018/19, the most frequent method of killing was sharp instrument for both males (46%) and females (25%), accounting for 39% of all homicides, consistent with previous years. It covers statistics on arrests and detentions under the Mental Health Act (1983), which are published by the Home Office in the Police Powers and Procedures, England and Wales, year ending 31 March 2020 publication. Youth custody report for October 2015 published. In 2019, sentences for female offenders had a higher level of concordance with their pre-sentence report (excluding Other) (66%) than male offenders (59%). The purpose of this study was to further our understanding of what child custody evaluators and We are trialling the publication of this statistical bulletin in HTML format alongside the usual PDF version and we are seeking user feedback on the use of HTML for the publication of statistical bulletins. This is true for all stages of timeliness for drug offences. In 2019, 46% of children remanded at Crown Court for indictable offences were remanded in custody. TV licence evasion was the most common offence for which females were convicted in 2019. A copy of this statement can be found at: http://www.justice.gov.uk/downloads/statistics/mojstats/statistics-revisions-policy.pdf. In 2019, the custody rate for these offences was 46% for females and 72% for males. We also use cookies set by other sites to help us deliver content from their services. , The conviction ratio is calculated by dividing the total number of defendants convicted by the total number of defendants prosecuted in the same period. 5. Figure 4.02: Proportion of arrests within each offence group, by sex, 2019/20, Detentions under section 136 of the Mental Health Act (1983)[footnote 25]. The indictable offences with the highest proportion of females among those convicted in 2019 were: Cruelty to or neglect of children females made up 60% of the 427 convictions in 2019, the same proportion as in 2015. Youth custody report for August 2015 published. This chapter explores the activity of the police, by the sex of the suspect or offender they deal with. Youth custody report for June 2015 published. 4% of crime higher legal aid clients had an unstated sex. , Standard PSR A standard delivery (adjourned) Pre-Sentence Report is based on a full risk assessment and is suitable for medium and high seriousness cases and/or where a custody is being considered. , Monthly Youth Custody Official Statistics on the population in custody of children and young people within secure childrens homes (SCHs), secure training centres (STCs) and young offender institutions (YOIs) are published by the Youth Custody Service. In 2019/20, 31,800 individuals were detained under section 136 of the Mental Health Act (1983) in England and Wales, a 2% increase when compared to the previous year[footnote 26]. Following prosecution, defendants found guilty are subsequently convicted and sentenced. Youth Custody report for June 2013 published. This section looks at offenders starting supervision as a result of a court order, including those starting supervision as a result of a community order or a suspended sentence order[footnote 68]. , Data is from CSEW 2019 annual supplementary tables. In 2019/20, 3.9% of male adults reported being the victim once or more of a CSEW personal crime (excluding fraud and computer misuse; down from 4.5%). Her Majestys Inspectorate of Prisons (HMIP) for England & Wales aims to ensure independent inspection of places of detention, report on conditions and treatment, and promote positive outcomes for those detained and the public. , This section excludes those where sex is not stated and other defendants such as companies and public bodies in total these accounted for 10% of all defendants in 2019. (Michon, 2021) . More than 500 lay people (59 percent men, 41 percent women) also were recruited online to take part in the study. Wed like to set additional cookies to understand how you use GOV.UK, remember your settings and improve government services. , Figures on cautions exclude cases where sex is not known (in 1% of cases), Summary motoring offences are not considered in relation to cautions or cautioning rates as these tend to be addressed using Fixed Penalty Notices. Of the females remanded in custody at the Crown Court for indictable offences in 2019, 80% were White, 10% were Black, 4% were Asian, 5% were Mixed and 2% were Chinese and Other. Of all females sentenced in 2019, Black female offenders had the highest custody rate[footnote 75] at 23%. As with crime lower, there has been a decreasing trend in the volume of crown court legal aid. Figure 7.05: Proportion of children in the Criminal Justice System, by sex, England and Wales, 2019. Youth custody report for February 2017 published. Ministry of Justice, 3rd Floor, 10 South Colonnade, London, E14 4PU, General enquiries about the statistical work of the Ministry of Justice can be e-mailed to: ESD@justice.gov.uk, The structure and content of this report is continually being reviewed to reflect user requirements. For example, young males receiving more than 12 months in custody were more likely to receive any pass in GCSEs than young females (69% v 64%), whereas the reverse was true for young males receiving 12 months or less in custody. Similar falls have been seen in the number of defendants prosecuted over the last 5 years when broken down by sex; the number of prosecutions for male defendants fell by 11% to 904,000 in 2019 and prosecutions for female defendants fell by 12% to 324,000 in 2019. Female representation within MoJ and CPS remained constant. Crime higher concerns legal representation in the Crown Court and above. Annual figures are then produced by aggregating the four 3-monthly cohorts within each given year. This was higher than the proportion of pupils eligible for FSM in the overall pupil population (including both offenders and non-offenders) in 2013/14 and 2014/15 (14% for both young females and young males). This chapter (largely drawing from the Offender Management statistics Quarterly) provides statistics relating to offenders in custody or under supervision in the community, by sex. Overall personal crime rates continue to decrease from 2015/16. Youth custody data - February 2014 published. Isn't It Gender Discrimination? They represent experimental statistics and tables on this data are provided in the accompanying overview tables. Figure 5.13: Average custodial sentence length, by sex, 2015 to 2019. For both sexes, the child custody rate has remained broadly stable since 2015, at 8% for males and 2% for females. For each offence, the proportion of those who were sentenced to immediate custody was lower for female offenders than for males. Adults of both sexes aged 16-24 reported the highest prevalence of personal crime in 2019/20, with the proportion generally /decreasing with increasing age. , The data used for this section are sourced from the magistrates court administrative database LIBRA-MIS. This report is also accompanied by an infographic summarising key findings. In the most recent year, the CPS and MoJ had the highest proportions of senior staff who were female at 57% and 51%, respectively; these were the only organisations where the representation of females in senior positions was higher than that of males. And while a bias against men in child custody cases has been around for decades, let's explain why this is happening from a legal perspective. Of all female offenders cautioned or convicted in 2019, 35% were first time offenders, compared to 22% for males. In 2019, females accounted for the highest proportion of Local Authority prosecutions for the first time since 2016. This compared to Black females accounting for 6% of all female prosecutions. (Office of National Statistics) 1 in 3 children - nearly 4 million in total - live without their father. Figure 5.04: Proportion of the defendants brought to magistrates court by prosecuting authority and sex, 2019. For both young males and young females that received a sentence/caution in the matched cohort, over half received FSM. The main source of referral was police custody, accounting for 72% of males and 73% of females referred to liaison and diversion services. The publication also contains more detailed information on the make-up of the custody population by legal basis for detention, accommodation type, age group, gender, ethnicity and region of origin. , Senior roles are as follows: CPS: Senior Legal Manager, Chief Crown Prosecutor and Senior Civil Servant; MoJ: Senior Civil Servant; HMPPS: Senior Civil Servant; Police: Chief Inspector, Superintendent, Chief Superintendent, and Chief Officers; Judiciary: High Court Judges, Heads of Division and Lord Justices of Appeal.